Effects of high intensity training and music on body composition, fitness and metabolic parameters of obese Malay women in Singapore / Dee Dee Ayra Salle

Dee Dee Ayra, Salle (2019) Effects of high intensity training and music on body composition, fitness and metabolic parameters of obese Malay women in Singapore / Dee Dee Ayra Salle. PhD thesis, Universiti Malaya.

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Abstract

Can time-economical high intensity exercise aided by music, augment positive results on body composition parameters (BMI, weight loss, body fat percentage, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio); fitness parameters (modified push-up, modified curl-up, bodyweight squats and resting heart rate) and blood lipid health parameters (fasting cholesterol (LDL & HDL), fasting blood glucose and triglycerides) in the obese, despite the obese’s functional limitations? Will adherence to exercise be affected? A twelve-week randomized-controlled trial, quantitative experimental design was conducted on voluntary, pre-menopausal overweight/obese (BMI>24.9 kg/m2) adult Singapore Malay women ((N = 92): Treatment A = HIT+ synchronous music (n = 31), Treatment B = HIT + asynchronous music (n = 31) and Control C = HIT + No Music (n = 30). High intensity (85% - 95% maximum heart rate) trainings consisted of modified push-ups, modified curl-ups and bodyweight squats. Clinical examinations, anthropometric and fitness evaluations were carried out pre-post intervention and 2-year follow-up on weight and waist were conducted. Analysis: IBM SPSS Statistics v.22 with repeated measure (pre-post-tests) and SPANOVA p < 0.05. Results showed significant differences in all parameters in within-subjects-comparisons Time 1 to Time 2 of intervention. For between-subjects-comparison, Curl-Up reported significant difference: Synchronous Music vs. Controls (pre = 9.48 ± 7.22, post = 26.32 ± 10.37 vs. Pre = 8.73 ± 5.09, post = 18.67 ± 5.98, p = 0.023 < 0.05). Results proved positively for obesity, fitness and health. Physical activity proved effective in all groups, not withstanding music or non-music, noting that there were no significant differences with RPE/target heart rate for all groups for HIT undertaken. Non-music and synchronous music are only ergogenically effective for Curl-Up fitness. Post 2-year-follow-up on weight trend showed that most of the groups have almost similar trend in the changes of pre, post-12-weeks and post-2-years intervention, excluding Synchronous Music. As to weight before and after 12 weeks, Synchronous Music showed the most weight reduction and this group showed gradual decrease in weight even after 2 years. No-Music and Asynchronous-Music groups showed an increasing trend in weight after 2 years. As for waist trend, the Synchronous music group shows a consistent decreasing trend in the changes of waist pre and post study and post 2 years. Asynchronous music group showed significant decrease only after 12 weeks, but after 2 years, waist-reduction is not significant. No-Music group showed an increased waist trend post 2- years. This multi-disciplinary research contributes to trans-disciplinary and Asia-Pacific-centric new body of knowledge. Original orchestra arrangement composition and prediction formula (weight loss and waist circumference) and a 2-year post follow-up weight and waist results are novel findings generated from study. This research is important in behavioural epidemiology framework because of its direct impact on population health.

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