Mohammed Othman, Mohammed Alshaikh (2020) Prevalence and determinants of tabacco use among adolescents in Khartoum - Sudan / Mohammed Othman Mohammed Alshaikh. PhD thesis, Universiti Malaya.
Abstract
Globally, 25 million adolescents aged 13-15 years, smoke cigarettes while 13 million use smokeless tobacco. In 2014, 22.8% of adolescents had ever smoked cigarette in Sudan while current cigarette smokers were 4.5%; moreover, studies about shisha smoking and smokeless tobacco were limited in Sudan. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents and to describe determinant factors associated with tobacco use. Descriptive school based cross-sectional study was conducted, and multistage random sampling was used to recruit participants from secondary schools in Khartoum State, Sudan. Self-administered questionnaire of Arabic version of Global Youth Tobacco Survey was used to collect data and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the data. In all, 3387 students from 29 schools participated in this study during September and October 2016. The outcome, tobacco use, was defined as ever use if the adolescents had ever used tobacco in the past, while it was considered as current use if the adolescent used tobacco in the past 30 days. Among participants, 42.7% were males and 57.3% were females. Public school students were 51.6% and 48.4% from private ones. The prevalence of current cigarette smoking was 5.8% and for current shisha use was 3.5%. In smokeless tobacco (toombak) the prevalence of current use was 2.6%. Determinants of current cigarette smoking in the study included male students (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.79-5.29), exposure to second hand smoke at home (OR 6.44, 95% CI 4.02-10.32), low self-efficacy (OR 12.51, 95% CI 6.69-23.39) , friends smoking (OR 4.50, 95% CI 2.58-7.84) and not trying to buy cigarette (protective factor) (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14-0.63). While for current shisha use determinants were studying in public school (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.20-3.70), exposure to second hand smoke outdoors (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.20-4.13), anti-tobacco message (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.40-4.84), low self-efficacy (OR 11.40, 95% CI 5.90-22.00) and friends iv using shisha (OR 6.59, 95% CI 3.40-12.74). For current smokeless tobacco use determinants were male student (OR 54.80, 95% CI 12.00-248.90), exposure to second hand smoke at home ( OR 4.72, 95% CI 2.24-9.97) and indoors (OR 12.47, 95% CI 3.99-38.98), low self-efficacy ( OR 114.00, 95% CI 36.30-357.60), friends using smokeless tobacco (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.52-7.49), living in Khartoum city (protective factor) (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.09-0.54), pro-advertising (protective factor) (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.16-0.81) and not trying to buy smokeless tobacco (protective factor)(OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.42). The Assessment of the magnitude of tobacco use among adolescents represents a useful tool to compare the trend over time. Moreover, the determinants factors will help to identify adolescents at high risk of tobacco use. These results can be utilized to help develop an effective peer based prevention programs in schools since the peers have the greatest effect on adolescents. Keywords: Adolescent, Tobacco, Cigarette, Shisha, Smokeless tobacco
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