Revolutionising denture care: The innovative eugenol-based denture cleanser tablet-an in vitro pilot study / Jegadeesbari Ganapathy

Jegadeesbari , Ganapathy (2024) Revolutionising denture care: The innovative eugenol-based denture cleanser tablet-an in vitro pilot study / Jegadeesbari Ganapathy. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaya.

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Abstract

Denture biofilm, which is resistant to conventional cleaning methods, can lead to infections such as denture stomatitis, often caused by Candida albicans. Eugenol, a natural extract derived from plants, has demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity against wide range of fungi, gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. This study presents a novel approach to denture care by developing an innovative effervescent denture cleanser tablet infused with eugenol. The aim of the present study is to produce a novel eugenol-based denture cleansing tablet and to evaluate its antifungal and antibacterial efficiency. The study was conducted in five phases. In the first phase, effervescent denture cleanser tablets were prepared using two formulations: one containing eugenol and the other as a placebo. The second phase involved analysing the physicochemical properties including hardness, thickness, diameter, pH, effervescence time of novel eugenol-based denture cleansing tablet, placebo, Polident® tablet and content analysis of the novel eugenol-based denture cleansing tablet. In the third phase, microbial strains were cultivated, focusing on three selected microbes: Candida albicans (fungus), Streptococcus mutans (gram-positive bacterium), and Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacterium). The fourth phase involved preparing denture cleansing solutions of novel eugenol-based denture cleansing tablets, placebo tablet, distilled water (negative control), 0.12% Chlorhexidine (positive control) and Polident® (commercially available denture cleanser). Finally, the fifth phase utilised the agar well diffusion test, where triplicate petri dishes for each microbial group were used by measuring the inhibition zones around the five wells inoculated with prepared denture cleansing solutions. All zones of inhibition were recorded meticulously to evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of the eugenol-based tablets compared to the placebo and controls. The formulation of the novel eugenol-based denture cleanser tablet met most physicochemical parameters within the limits, although the hardness of the tablet was lower than ideal. The eugenol concentration of 5.294% in the tablet was deemed acceptable for topical use after rinsing, aligning with safety guidelines. The eugenol-based tablet recorded a mean inhibition zone of 21.26 mm against Candida albicans, indicating superior antifungal activity, compared to 0.12% Chlorhexidine, which had a mean inhibition zone of 12.53 mm. The novel eugenol-based denture cleanser solution exhibited a mean inhibition zone of 8.20mm with moderate antibacterial properties to 0.12% Chlorhexidine with a mean inhibition of 19.79 mm against Streptococcus mutans. For Escherichia coli test group, the novel eugenol-based denture cleanser solution exhibited a mean inhibition zone of 9.21 mm, indicating moderate antibacterial activity, while the 0.12% Chlorhexidine showed a mean inhibition zone of 14.21 mm, demonstrating superior antibacterial potential. Commercially available Polident® had a mean inhibition zone of 6.66 mm against Escherichia coli and no sensitivity in other groups. Both the placebo tablet solution and distilled water showed no antimicrobial activity in all the groups. The novel eugenol-based denture cleanser tablet demonstrated promising antifungal activity against Candida albicans and moderate antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli exhibiting its potential as an effective denture cleanser.

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