Salivary metabolomic profiling for discriminating primary sjogren syndrome from healthy controls: Identifying potential biomarkers - A pilot study / Fatin Izzatti Amalina Abd Aziz

Fatin Izzatti Amalina , Abd Aziz (2024) Salivary metabolomic profiling for discriminating primary sjogren syndrome from healthy controls: Identifying potential biomarkers - A pilot study / Fatin Izzatti Amalina Abd Aziz. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaya.

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Abstract

Salivary biomarkers such as proteins, metabolites, hormones, and nucleic acid can provide biological information for a variety of medical problems such as cancer, stress, systemic disorders, and neurodegenerative and infectious diseases. The proteome and metabolomic alterations observed in saliva appear to match those observed in blood, reflecting the cells' cellular activity and physiological status. Objectives: This study aims to identify the potential salivary biomarkers that can help distinguish patients with primary Sjogren syndrome (pSS) from healthy controls. Methods: A case-control study of the salivary metabolome of two different groups of subjects; 5 control cases, and 5 pSS patients. Salivary metabolites profiling was carried out using 2 analytical approaches: Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) with HMDB, BRMB, and Metlin databases respectively. Metabolite biomarkers identified will be further interpreted through chemometric analysis (unscrambler software) and statistical packages for the social sciences (SPSS) software to evaluate the diagnostic ability of each of the discriminant metabolites. Results: A total of 269 metabolites were obtained using LC-Q-TOF-MS, there was one metabolite that was associated with pSS which is purine. Purine was significantly upregulated in the saliva of pSS when compared to control (p-value = 0.01). For 1H-NMR, a total of 241 metabolites were found with only 63 metabolites with VIP scores >1. The top 5 upregulated metabolites were mapped into 12 metabolic pathways. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the salivary metabolites profile (purine) between patients with pSS and healthy control subjects thus the study hypothesis was accepted, and the null hypothesis was rejected.

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