Performance of Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium in treating textile wastewater DYES using batch bioreactor / Ammar Radzi Azmi

Ammar Radzi , Azmi (2024) Performance of Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium in treating textile wastewater DYES using batch bioreactor / Ammar Radzi Azmi. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaya.

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Abstract

The treatment of textile wastewater dyes that contain many types of toxic and harmful pollutants is often challenging for the industries themselves to meet the effluent discharge quality requirements, which mostly use physical-chemical and adsorption as their primary treatment methods. The level of toxic and hazardous organic substances in a wastewater effluent was easily quantify by chemical oxygen demand (COD). The higher the COD value, the more serious the organic contamination of the water. Over the years, there is an exponential interest in using the antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antimicrobial Ganoderma lucidum fungi as bioadsorption material to minimize the impacts of harmful by-products derived from current wastewater treatment on the ecosystem. Less studies have been conducted using real wastewater, makes this study is important to determine its effectiveness. This research determines the bioadsorption capacity of the native Malaysian Ganoderma lucidum in its mycelium pellets (Malaysian GLMP) in treating real textile wastewater dyes (RTWW) by measuring the decolourization and COD reduction, under unsterilized and ambient temperature (26-34 °C) condition. This new treatment method uses a stirred batch bioreactor, as it is more practical and easier to be applied towards current available wastewater treatment process system. The treatment studies vary in the Malaysian GLMP volume in grams (g), initial treatment pH, and wastewater dilution ratios, with a fixed aeration rate of 4 L/min and agitation speed of 150 rpm for complete treatment cycle of 72 hours (h). The treatment proved to be effective in both dye decolorization and COD reduction which the highest percentage of decolorization observed was 77.24% in 72-h, whereas COD reductions were 78.32% in 36-h, with initial treatment pH of 4 and wastewater dilution ratio of 1:4. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models gave a superior fit (R2<1), indicating the existence of both homogenous and heterogeneous binding sites on the cells. Using Malaysian GLMP as bioadsortion material in a stirred batch bioreactor offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment solution which shows great potential in reducing the colour intensity and organic pollutants of real textile wastewater dyes. Findings from this study are useful for implementing and assimilating bioremediation using Malaysian GLMP as bioadsorption material to the existing wastewater treatment in the industry. Further studies could be made by replicating this treatment method using Malaysian GLMP together with the other commercially available adsorption agents.

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