Nur Atiqah Haizum, Abdullah (2012) Identification of changes in the serum proteome of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) following administration of aqueous extracts from ficus deltoidea / Nur Atiqah Haizum Abdullah. Masters thesis, University of Malaya.
Abstract
Ficus deltoidea or better known as Mas Cotek is an herbaceous plant found around the coast of Peninsular Malaysia especially in Terengganu and Kelantan. This plant is believed to have the capability in helping treat or controlling diseases including hypertension. Hypertension is a major disease that affects by many people all over the world. It is one of the main diseases that contribute to high rate of mortality. Even though modern medicine have been used to treat hypertension, some people still believe that traditional medicinal practices such as taking natural products along with healthy lifestyle will significantly improve hypertension. In this study, the capability of F. Deltoidea aqueous extracts in controlling hypertension were evaluated in vitro; using Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity assay and through an in vivo study; by looking at the alteration of serum protein profiles in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Different parts of the plants obtained from two F.deltoidea varieties were used: fruits from the small-leaf variety (SF) and leaves from the big-leaf variety (BL). Changes in serum protein profiles were studied using proteomics techniques involving Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate- Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption / Ionization-Time of Flight / Time of Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF) and Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption / Ionization-Time of Flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF). Based on the results obtained, F. deltoidea showed positive effects towards the inhibition of ACE with the IC50 values of 0.13 and 0.18 mg/ml for SF and BL respectively. Thus, both samples were considered to be equally efficient as ACE inhibitory agent. Results had also demonstrated significant alterations in the serum protein profiles expressions of treated SHR rats as compared to normal and diseased rats (non-treated SHR). Seven serum proteins were confidently identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF which includes plasma retinol binding protein, serum albumin fragment, complement c3 precursor, haptoglobin, Apolipoprotein H, alpha 1 macroglobulin (A1M) and alpha 1 antiproteinase. All of these proteins showed possible association with hypertension in which A1M being the most related. SELDI-TOF univariate analysis revealed the alterations towards low molecular weight (LMW) serum proteins (2,500-40,000 kDa). Three protein peaks were altered following treatment with BL and seven with SF. SELDI-TOF multivariate analysis suggested several LMW serum proteins as potential biomarker candidates for hypertension; proteins with the m/z 33086 and 25706 (following SF treatment) and m/z 1617.5 and 5059.7 (following BL treatment). This study provides useful information that will greatly enhance the investigation of the exact mechanism of F. deltoidea in combating hypertension. These scientific evidences support the use of this plant as potential antihypertensive agent as claimed traditionally.
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