Genetic analysis of grain yield and biofuel productivity in Maize / Nurul Farhana Ab. Razak

Nurul Farhana , Ab. Razak (2012) Genetic analysis of grain yield and biofuel productivity in Maize / Nurul Farhana Ab. Razak. Masters thesis, University of Malaya.

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Abstract

The study was conducted based on the preliminary research to developed new variety of maize with high yield and sustainable bio-fuel productivity. Twenty-two white dent tropical maize genotypes were planted along with yellow sweet corn, where these maize were allow crossing naturally. As result of the crossing, Filial 1 (F1) seed were obtained. Out of twenty-two genotypes, only six genotypes manage to produce outcrossing progeny couple with good agronomical traits and greater end yield. Genotypes E1, E5, E9, E11, E12 and E17 were planted along with their (F1). Throughout the planting season, agronomic characters were evaluated. Genotype E17 was observed as the highest plant among the parental material as well as F1s while genotype E1 was observed having the lowest plant height among parental material and F1s. Days taken to flowering, genotype E9 was observed to have earlier flowering days and F1 derived from genotype E17 was observed to have late flowering days among the parental material and F1s. For days taken to maturity, the shortest day taken to reach maturity was observed in genotype E9 while the longest day taken to reach maturity was observed in genotype E1 among parental material and F1s. Grain filling period, the longest grain filling duration was observed in F1 derived from genotype E9 and sweet corn while the shortest grain filling duration was observed in genotype E9 among parental material and F1s. Genotype E12 was observed as the highest grain yielder and the lowest grain yielder were observed in genotype E1 among parental material and F1s. F1s derived from genotype E9 was observed as the highest thousand grain yielder while E9 was observed as the lowest thousand grain yielder among the parental material and F1s. For stover weight, F1s derived from genotype E 11 was observed to have the highest stover weight while E5 was observed to have the lowest stover weight among the parental material and F1s. Genetic analysis was conducted for each maize agronomic character for heritability, Genotypic Coefficient Variance (GCV), Phenotype Coefficient Variance (PCV), and genetic advance (GA). The highest GCV and PCV value was found in trait number of cob whole the lowest GCV and PCV value were observed in number of leaves. The highest GA value was found in plant height while the lowest value was observed in number of leaves. High heritability were observed in days taken to flowering, stem diameter, thousand grain weight, grain filling period, and days taken to maturity. Among yield contributing traits, positive correlations were found in plant height, days taken to flowering, days taken to maturity, number of cob, and leaves length with grain yield. The stovers were used in pyrolysis process. The pyrolysis process optimized at 550°C, for 45 minutes using size particle of 1.4mm<dp<2.0mm under 2.0 L/min nitrogen flow. Bio-oil was analysed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometer (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) to identified and quantified functional group and chemical compound in bio-oil. GC-MS analysis shows bio-oil were dominated by 2,6-dimethoxy phenol and methoxy phenol while FT-IR analysis shows bio-oil have a broad and strong peak indicate the present phenol and alcohol. Other peaks present in FT-IR analysis were alkanes, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones.

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