A framework for walkable neighbourhood in Depok, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta / Linda Hijriyah

Linda , Hijriyah (2024) A framework for walkable neighbourhood in Depok, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta / Linda Hijriyah. PhD thesis, Universiti Malaya.

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Abstract

The world population and urbanization would increase for the next several decades mainly in Asian developing countries. 70% of the world's population will be living in urban areas by 2030. It increases the number of built-up areas and people have relied on motorized transportation. Indonesia has inadequate physical infrastructure, and its development conditions do not meet as ideal neighbourhoods. Pedestrians, specifically, are thus the most vulnerable users. In Indonesia, they have the greatest fatality rate compared to other users, which is higher than other Asian developing countries. Therefore, walking is a significant issue in the built environment mainly at the neighbourhood scale as it is the forefront and first unit in the larger territories. Focusing on the context of Sleman Regency Yogyakarta, this research aims to develop a framework for achieving a walkable neighbourhood in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. The objectives of this research are to identify the influencing factors of the built environment on the walkability of neighbourhood; to investigate the physical walkability factors; and to define the perception of residents on the physical walkability factors; to establish a framework on the strategies to enhance the walkability of neighbourhood in Sleman Regency. Those are conducted within five phases where a convergent mixed method approach is applied. Findings from the literature review and expert interview for the influencing factors of the built environment on the walkability of neighbourhood are synthesized, which are then applied to investigate the physical and perceived walkability factors that affect the selected existing neighbourhood in Sleman Regency as a case study, that is Depok Sub-regency. Map-based approaches by using satellite imagery, direct observation, and UMI walkability application are employed to investigate the physical walkability factors. Subsequently, the semi-structure interview with a total of 40 residents is conducted to define the perception of residents. Afterward, the findings from the physical and perceived walkability factors are synthesized to establish a framework for the strategies to enhance the walkability of neighbourhood in Sleman Regency Yogyakarta. The results show that the neighbourhood is the Car-dependent neighbourhood, with walkscores ranging from 0 to 28. It means residents would be relying chiefly on their own motorized transportation in their journey within the neighbourhood. The investigation also finds that the physical walkability factors in the microscale have issues with the sidewalk and also other factors including street trees, traffic calming, and street furniture. The type, number, distribution of amenities, and connectivity of the street network affect the accessibility within neighbourhood which subsequently influences pedestrian facility to the walkability of neighbourhood for people who walk towards the journey to access their destinations within neighbourhood. The residents' perception is that physical walkability factors need to be improved to induce walking either walking as a mode of transportation or physical activity in terms of its safety, comfortability, distinctiveness, accessibility, directness, connectedness, legibility, and familiarity. Through the formulated framework as guidance generated from this study, the existing neighbourhood could be enhanced by using the fundamental factors, to achieve a walkable neighbourhood in Sleman Regency Yogyakarta, within the framework.

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