Anti-inflammatory effect of single and combined Christia vespertilionis leaf extract and palm tocotrienol-rich fraction / Izzah Farhah Zambari

Izzah Farhah , Zambari (2024) Anti-inflammatory effect of single and combined Christia vespertilionis leaf extract and palm tocotrienol-rich fraction / Izzah Farhah Zambari. PhD thesis, Universiti Malaya.

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Abstract

Christia vespertilionis were used traditionally to treat inflammation. Non-Steroidal Drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed to treat inflammation. However, long-term prescription of these NSAIDs will lead to adverse side-effect. This study was performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory properties of C. vespertilionis leaves besides purifying its protease and to determining its anti-inflammatory effect through in vitro and in vivo studies of extract combination with palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF). Result showed that C. vespertilionis extract analysed using GC-MS contain anti-inflammatory compounds. Enzymatic protease was successfully extracted and purified through ammonium sulphate precipitation with further dialysis increases its yield by 53 % with specific activity 14.33 U/mg. The combination between C. vespertilionis protease (CVP) and palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) were tested synergistically to reduce inflammation were done through in vitro and in vivo studies and it shows that the combination of CVP and TRF (CVP+TRF) at the ratio of 14.10:8.48 μg/mL, gives 50 % inhibition (IC50) of nitric oxide (NO). In conclusion, this study managed to show the synergistic effect of the combination of CVP and TRF against LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and carrageenan-induced BALB/c paw oedema. The treatment could be potentially effective in reducing inflammation, and thus could be an alternative approach to NSAIDs drugs.

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