Development of aquafeed based on black soldier fly larvae meal for jade perch cultured in biofloc systems / Norhayati Zainorahim

Norhayati , Zainorahim (2024) Development of aquafeed based on black soldier fly larvae meal for jade perch cultured in biofloc systems / Norhayati Zainorahim. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaya.

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Abstract

There is an increasing interest in the commercialization of jade perch (Scortum barcoo) in Malaysia. Traditionally, farmers will opt for fish meal in fish feed due to their excellent protein profile and high palatability. However, the high demand for fish meal in aquaculture has caused the price to increase. Besides, the extensive fishery activity of catching wild fish for fish feed production causes a disastrous fate to the aquatic wildlife ecosystem. This study aims to assess the suitability of black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) as a partial fish meal substitute in the jade perch diet. Three experimental feeding trials were conducted to assess the effects of dietary BSFLM on nutrient digestibility in jade perch, the suitable BSFLM inclusion level in the jade perch diet, and the effect of feeding the selected dosage of inclusion of dietary BSFLM in a biofloc system. The digestibility study shows no significant differences between the fish meal and BSFLM-fed fish in growth and hematological parameters. Jade perch is found to digest the protein, lipid and dry matter higher than the control treatment. The second experiment evaluates the varying fish meal replacement percentages of 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% with BSFLM. The growth performance of the 50%BSFL is comparale to the control (FM100). ANOVA dictates no significant difference in feed conversion ratio (FCR) between all treatments. The third experiment evaluated 50% BSFLM feed in jade perch reared in the biofloc system for 12 weeks. Jade perch juveniles were subjected to three dietary treatments; the 100% fish meal (FM100), 50% BSFLM (BSF50), and commercial diet (COM) with 20 individuals per treatment in triplicate tanks. Growth, feed efficiency, and body indices were measured throughout the feeding trial. In terms of body weight gain (BWG), FCR, specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), survival rate (SR), and fillet yield (FY), no significant differences were observed between the treatments. The condition factor is similar in all treatment groups, ranging from 1.97 – 2.05. The body composition of crude protein and moisture content did not differ between treatments, but higher crude lipids were obtained in the BSF50 and COM groups. Higher hepatosomatic index (HSI) and visceral fat somatic index (VFSI) values were observed in the BSF50 group. Furthermore, sensory evaluation comparing the consumers' evaluation and acceptance of the fish fed different dietary treatments and culture systems shows that the group fed BSF50 and cultured in biofloc system received similar overall appreciation with the FM100 and COM group. Gut microbiome assessment revealed that Fusobacteria and Bacillota dominate the phyla in jade perch gut, while the Pseudomonadota phylum is reduced to 1.49% in BSF50 compared to 41.74% in FM100. The genus Cetobacterium is found in abundance in all treatment (>19%). Clostridium is enhanced in BSF50 treatment, while Helicobacter is found in abundance in FM100 treatment. The data from this study might aid in developing fish feed with reduced fish meal component and as a preliminary study on the microbial community present in jade perch fed BSFLM diet in a biofloc culture system.

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