Production, characterization and optimization of ganodiesel from the biomass of Ganoderma lucidum produced in air-L-shaped bioreactor / Lim Teik Chee

Lim , Teik Chee (2024) Production, characterization and optimization of ganodiesel from the biomass of Ganoderma lucidum produced in air-L-shaped bioreactor / Lim Teik Chee. Masters thesis, Universiti Malaya.

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Abstract

The escalating demand for alternative and sustainable energy sources, induced by the exploitation of fossil fuels and the surge in greenhouse gas emissions, has generated attention towards exploring rapidly-growing filamentous fungi as a potential bioenergy source. The objective of this study is to optimize Ganoderma lucidum production for enhanced biomass and lipid yields in submerged liquid fermentation. The optimization involved varying initial pH, glucose concentration, and agitation rate using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). The results showed that glucose concentration and initial pH significantly influenced biomass production, while agitation rate had an insignificant effect. For total lipid production, all three factors (glucose concentration, initial medium pH, and agitation rate) were identified as significant factors. The optimized conditions for both responses (initial pH 6, 50 g/L glucose concentration, and 113 rpm) were validated in 500 mL shake flasks and a 3 L Air-L-Shaped Bioreactor (ALSB). In shake flasks, the biomass yield was 8.33 g/L and a lipid content of 2.17%, whereas the ALSB system yielded 5.32 g/L of biomass and 2.35% lipid. The G. lucidum mycelium lipid was extracted using solvent extraction, and the lipid profile was analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. The main fatty acids identified included palmitic acid (C16:0) at 18.60%, stearic acid (C18:0) at 6.44%, oleic acid (C18:1) at 16.21%, and linoleic acid (C18:2) at 48.11%, which are recognized as major components of biodiesel. The G. lucidum mycelium lipid was converted into biodiesel (Ganodiesel) through acid-catalyzed transesterification, and subsequently evaluated in compliance with international biodiesel standards (ASTM D6751-08 and EN 14214). In addition, the findings suggested that the morphology of mycelial pellets varied across different fermentation conditions, resulting in distinct morphological characteristics for each condition. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of G. lucidum as an alternative biodiesel source by demonstrating optimized fermentation parameters and biodiesel production that comply with international standards.

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