Transition metal-based nanocomposite for the electrochemical detection of pharmaceutical drugs / Shamima Akhter

Shamima , Akhter (2022) Transition metal-based nanocomposite for the electrochemical detection of pharmaceutical drugs / Shamima Akhter. PhD thesis, Universiti Malaya.

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Abstract

The transition metals have gathered attention in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology due to their extra-ordinary properties such as excellent catalytic properties, facile synthetic approaches and formation of stable complexes, high charge ratio, diverse morphologies, high electrical conductivity, versatile applications and others. In recent years, efforts have been focused on the preparation of nanocomposites by the incorporation of different types of transition metals compounds containing copper, cobalt and nickel in applications such as electrochemical sensing of target analytes. For effective electrochemical detection of the desired analyte, a nanocomposite of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube (f-MWCNTs), chitosan (CTS) and cobalt (Co) was prepared. The excellent electrochemical conductivity of f- MWCNTs, high catalytic activity of Co and the synergy of the CTS-Co complex confirms that the f-MWCNTs/CTS-Co modified GCE sensor is a potential candidate for the electrochemical determination of paracetamol (PR) in pharmaceutical preparations and human serum. While a hybrid nanocomposite of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes MWCNTSf, nitrogen-doped graphene (NGr) and chitosan (CTS) with electrodeposited copper (Cu) metal was prepared for the sensitive determination of an anticancer drug nilutamide (NLM). The presence of MWCNTSf reduces the agglomeration of the NGr nanosheets which exposes the anchoring site of the NGr. This enables the formation of 3D network of nanocarbons which facilitates electron transfer and electrical conductivity. The CTS facilitates the dispersion of MWCNTSf and NGr. The presence of transition metal copper (Cu), enhances the electrocatalytic effect of the nanocomposite and proves that the (MWCNTsf–NGr/CTS)-Cu fabricated sensor possesses great potential for the sensitive determination of NLM in biological sample and pharmaceutical preparations. A tri-metallic metal organic framework Co-Ni-Cu- MOF was synthesized on nickel foam (NF) substrate. Due to the synergy of the catalytic effect of the Co-Ni-Cu tri-metals, high porosity, extended active surface area and enhanced interfacial electron transfer, the Co-Ni-Cu-MOF/NF sensor possesses a strong electrocatalytic effect for the electrochemical determination of anticancer drug nilutamide (NLM) in pharmaceutical preparations and human blood serum. A nanocomposite was synthesized from a combination of nanocellulose (NC), three dimensional polypyrrole (3DPPY) decorated with bimetallic nanoparticles of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles. The addition of NC-3DPPY offers a mechanically robust structure with high porosity and distinct electro-conductivity. In addition, the conjugation of Ag-Au bimetallic nanoparticles provides excellent electro-conductivity and electrocatalytic effect which ultimately accelerate the interfacial electron transfer process. Due to the synergy of the electro-conductivity and electro-catalytic effect, the NC-3DPPY@Ag-Au/GCE sensor showed excellent electrochemical response toward the simultaneous electrochemical determination of anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX) and antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIF) in biological fluids, commercial dosage forms and water samples. It should be worth mentioning that the synthesized transition metalbased nanocomposite has been fabricated and employed for the first time for the electrochemical detection of pharmaceutical drugs in commercial dosage forms and biological fluids.

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